Recovery plan for Europe

The largest stimulus package ever

The EU’s long-term budget, coupled with NextGenerationEU (NGEU), the temporary instrument designed to boost the recovery, form the largest stimulus package ever financed in Europe. A total of €2.018 trillion in current prices* are helping rebuild a post-COVID-19 Europe. It will be a greener, more digital and more resilient Europe.

The funds are being used to address the most important challenges before Europe and support those in need. In the aftermath of Russia’s aggression on Ukraine, the EU budget was mobilised to provide emergency assistance and support, in Ukraine and in the EU countries, and to alleviate the humanitarian consequences of the war.

^{*€1.8 trillion in 2018 prices}

Facts and figures of MFF 2021-2027 and NextGenerationEU

Main elements of the package

More than 50% of the long-term budget and NextGenerationEU are supporting modernisation, for example through:

In addition, the package pays attention to:

Key novelties

Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 and NextGenerationEU total allocations per heading

_{All amounts in € in current prices. Source: European Commission}

The centrepiece of NextGenerationEU is the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) – an instrument for providing grants and loans to support reforms and investments in the EU Member States at a total value of €723.8 billion. To receive funds under the Recovery and Resilience Facility, Member States need to prepare Recovery and Resilience Plans outlining how they are going to invest the funds. Moreover, they need to fulfil the relevant milestones and targets, and before any disbursements under the RRF can flow, the Commission assesses the satisfactory fulfilment of each milestone and target.

To consult the plans of different EU Member States and track the disbursements made to date, check the interactive Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard.

The rest of the funds from NextGenerationEU are being disbursed to EU Member States by several EU programmes: the Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe (REACT-EU), Horizon Europe, InvestEU, European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development or the Just Transition Fund (JTF).

Following Russia’s aggression on Ukraine, EU Member States could use some of these funds to address the needs of the refugees arriving to their territories.

NextGenerationEU breakdown

_{All amounts in €, in current prices. Source: European Commission}

National allocations

The EU budget is not and has never been about giving and taking. All Member States benefit from being part of the single market, addressing together the common challenges. EU funds, for instance under the cohesion funds or Horizon Europe, go to all corners of the EU.

In certain policy areas Member States received pre-assigned amounts. You can consult them here.

Borrowing to finance the recovery

To finance NextGenerationEU, the European Commission - on behalf of the European Union – is borrowing on the markets at more favourable rates than most Member States and redistributes the amounts.

Before NextGenerationEU, the European Commission already issued bonds, for instance to finance loans to EU Member States and third countries, including up to €100 billion for the SURE programme to support jobs and keep people in work during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The European Union will raise up to around €800 billion in current prices until 2026 for NextGenerationEU through a diversified funding strategy.

The EU as borrower

A clear roadmap towards new sources of revenue to help repay the borrowing

In the interinstitutional agreement from December 2021, the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission agreed to work towards introducing sufficient new own resources to cover the repayments of NextGenerationEU.

In December 2021, the Commission thus proposed three new sources of revenue to the EU budget, to help repay the grants part of NextGenerationEU. This proposal would also contribute to the financing of the Social Climate Fund, aimed to make sure the transition to a decarbonised economy leaves no one behind.

On 20 June 2023, the Commission completed its proposal for a next generation of own resources. The final package includes a new temporary statistical own resource based on company profits. Following the political agreement on the Fit For 55 package, which seeks to make sure EU policies contribute to the climate neutrality of our continent, the Commission has also adjusted the own resources proposals based on the Emissions Trading System (ETS) and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) compared to the original proposals from December 2021.

In addition, the own resource based on the share of residual profits from multinationals that will be re-allocated to EU Member States under the OECD/G20 agreement on a re-allocation of taxing rights (“Pillar One”) is maintained. The Commission is working with the European Parliament and with the EU Member States in the Council towards a swift approval of the new sources of revenue.

Sources of revenue for the 2021-2027 EU budget

The next generation of EU own resources

The beneficiaries

Anyone can benefit from the EU budget. Find open and upcoming calls for funding proposals, get background information on funding processes and programmes, and apply online.

Learn about the tendering process and opportunities for doing business with the European Commission.

Background

The Commission put forward its proposal for the EU’s next long-term budget on 2 May 2018.

On 27 May 2020, in response to the unprecedented crisis caused by the coronavirus, the European Commission proposed the temporary recovery instrument NextGenerationEU, as well as targeted reinforcements to the long-term EU budget for 2021-2027.

On 21 July 2020, less than two months later, EU heads of state or government reached a political agreement on the package.

The final adoption by the Council took place on 17 December 2020.

The negotiating process