Play carouselPause carousel 1 2 3 Impact of the Recovery and Resilience FacilityEurope’s Digital Transformation with NextGenerationEUWatch the videosThe Recovery and Resilience FacilitySee map of projects29 January 2026 - Research conferenceUnderstanding the Impact of the Recovery and Resilience Facility Registration is open Data as of 8 October 2025The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is a temporary instrument that is the centrepiece of NextGenerationEU -the EU’s plan to emerge stronger and more resilient from the current crisis.Through the Facility, the Commission raises funds by borrowing on the capital markets (issuing bonds on behalf of the EU). These are then available to its Member States, to implement ambitious reforms and investments that:make their economies and societies more sustainable, resilient and prepared for the green and digital transitions, in line with the EU’s priorities;address the challenges identified in country-specific recommendations under the European Semester framework of economic and social policy coordination. The RRF is also crucial for implementing the REPowerEU plan – the Commission’s response to the socio-economic hardships and global energy market disruption caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. €637 billion*to invest in reforms and projectsof which:€359 billionof fundsin grants€278 billionof fundsin loans * The total financial envelope of the RRF at end-December 2025 stood at EUR 637 billion. This breaks down to EUR 359 billion in grants and EUR 278 billion in loans. The EUR 359 billion in grants is split in EUR 338 billion from the original RRF financial allocation, EUR 19 billion stemming from the auctioning of allowances under the Emissions Trading System (ETS) and EUR 2 billion in grants from the Brexit Adjustment Reserve (BAR). Furthermore, Member States could request loan support until August 2023. Of the total available envelope of EUR 385 billion, EUR 291 billion had been committed by end 2023. Of this, EUR 13 billion were decommitted by end-December 2025 as seven Member States downscaled their loan envelope, bringing the committed loan support to EUR 278 billion. This is in line with the Commission’ recommendation, in the Communication “NextGenerationEU – The road to 2026” of 4 June 2025 for Member States to prioritise securing the grants allocation. How does the Recovery and Facility work? The Facility entered into force on 19 February 2021. It finances reforms and investments in EU Member States made from the start of the pandemic in February 2020 until 31 December 2026. Countries can receive financing up to a previously agreed maximum amount.To benefit from support under the Facility, EU governments have submitted national recovery and resilience plans, outlining the reforms and investments they will implement by end-2026, with clear milestones and targets. The plans had to allocate at least 37% of their budget to green measures and 20% to digital measures.The Recovery and Resilience Facility is performance based. This means that the Commission only pays out the amounts to each country when they have achieved the agreed milestones and targets towards completing the reforms and investments included in their plan.Implementation phaseWhen they have completed the agreed milestones and targets, governments request payment (up to twice a year).The Commission assesses these requests for payment to check that the milestones and targets have been fulfilled. If so, it disburses the amounts it has raised on the capital markets.AmendmentsMember States can revise their plans based on the available legal grounds under the RRF Regulation. The Guidance on Recovery and Resilience Plans in the context of REPowerEU of February 2023 describes in detail how Member States can request such amendments.A revision can be linked to financial aspects, that is:to benefit from additional REPowerEU funds;to reflect a change in a Member State's maximum financial allocation under the RRF;resources needed in order to take up additional RRF loans.Member States can also amend their plan if they can demonstrate that objective circumstances render the implementation of certain milestones and targets unfeasible. For example, those objective circumstances could be linked to inflation, shortages in the supply chain or the fact that there is a better alternative to fulfil the intended policy objective of a measure.Mid-Term EvaluationThe RRF Regulation requires that the Commission provides the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions with a mid-term evaluation on the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. This will be followed by an 'ex post evaluation' in 2028, once the measures included in the recovery plans are fully implemented.Press releaseGeneral factsheetSummary of the RRF Mid-Term EvaluationREPowerEU factsheetCountry snapshots – February 2024How the RRF supports businessesNextGenerationEU – The road to 202612 JUNE 2025Communication 4 JUNE 2025Press release4 JUNE 2025Memo REPowerEUThe REPowerEU plan recognised that the Recovery and Resilience Facility can play an important role in achieving secure, affordable and clean energy. By providing additional EU funding, the Facility will help EU countries make the critical reforms and investment needed to rapidly end their dependence on Russian fossil fuels.European SemesterStarting from its 2022 cycle, the European Semester process was adapted to take into account the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility and the implementation of the recovery and resilience plans.Recovery and Resilience ScoreboardThe Scoreboard gives an overview of progress in implementing the Facility and the national recovery and resilience plans.RRF eventsThis section provides information on the various events organised to discuss the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, including of the Recovery and Resilience Plans in the Member States. Visit the section to find out more about the RRF events.Learn more about the impact of the RRFLearn about the impact the RRF is having on citizens and businesses across the EU. This section provides a collection of RRF related factsheets and insights for your information. Documents Recovery and Resilience Facility RRF RegulationGeneral publications12 February 2021Consolidated text of the Regulation establishing the Recovery and Resilience FacilityGeneral publications12 February 2021Regulation establishing the Recovery and Resilience FacilityGeneral publications10 February 2021Questions and Answers on the Recovery and Resilience FacilityGuidance documentsGeneral publications5 March 2025Guidance on the Social Climate PlansGeneral publications5 March 2025DNSH technical guidance to the SCF General publications23 July 2024Updated Guidance on Recovery and Resilience PlansGeneral publications19 September 2023Reversal of Milestones and Targets under the Recovery and Resilience FacilityGeneral publications3 March 2023Guidance on Recovery and Resilience Plans in the context of REPowerEUGeneral publications21 February 2023Commission methodology for the determination of payment suspension under the Recovery and Resilience Facility RegulationGeneral publications20 January 2021Guidance to Member States - Recovery and Resilience Plans - Part 1General publications22 January 2021Guidance to Member States - Recovery and Resilience Plans - Part 2General publications22 January 2021Annex to the Guidance to Member States on the Recovery and Resilience Plans: Tables for the templateGeneral publications18 February 2021DNSH technical guidance, amended October 2023Support figuresGeneral publications1 September 2023Overview of Member States’ loan requests received by the Commission by 31 August 2023General publications18 April 2023Overview of Member States’ intentions to request RRF loan supportGeneral publications22 June 2022Updated Member States’ grant allocation based on Eurostat outturn data for 2020 and 2021ReportsGeneral publications8 October 2025Recovery and Resilience Facility Annual Report 2025General publications10 October 2024Recovery and Resilience Facility Annual Report 2024General publications19 September 2023Recovery and Resilience Facility Annual Report 2023General publications1 March 2022Recovery and Resilience Facility Annual Report 2022General publications29 July 2022Recovery and Resilience Facility Review Report 2022General publications21 February 2023Communication Implementation of the Recovery and Resilience FacilityFactsheets & InsightsGeneral publications6 May 2025Linking Money to Results: How the Recovery and Resilience Facility Supports Transformation in Member StatesGeneral publications18 October 2024Insights from the Recovery and Resilience Facility: The Business PerspectiveGeneral publications6 September 2024Recovery and Resilience Plans: Supporting people across the EUGeneral publications24 June 2024The Recovery and Resilience Facility: What’s in store for young people?General publications21 February 2024Continuing to Deliver a Lasting Impact Across the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility - Mid-term EvaluationGeneral publications21 February 2024Recovery and Resilience Facility - REPowerEU FactsheetGeneral publications21 February 2024Recovery and Resilience Facility – How the RRF Supports BusinessesGeneral publications19 September 2023Speeding up and Delivering Reforms and Investments - Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) – Annual Report 2023OtherGeneral publications27 April 2023Information provided to the European Parliament or to the Council on the Recovery and Resilience PlansGeneral publications16 May 2023Council conclusions on the recovery plan and multiannual financial framework for 2021-2027REPowerEUGeneral publications3 March 2023Guidance on Recovery and Resilience Plans in the context of REPowerEUGeneral publications28 February 2023Adopted REPowerEU RegulationGeneral publications18 May 2022Commission Proposal for a Regulation on REPowerEU chapters in recovery and resilience plansGeneral publications24 April 2023Questions and Answers on REPowerEU and on the revision of national recovery plansGeneral publications21 February 2024Recovery and Resilience Facility - REPowerEU FactsheetEuropean SemesterCountry-specific recommendations 2024Country-specific recommendations 2023Country-specific recommendations 2022Country-specific recommendations 2020Country-specific recommendations 2019 The Recovery and Resilience Facility in your country Member States use the funds provided by the Recovery and Resilience Facility to implement ambitious reforms and investment to make their economies and societies more sustainable, resilient and prepared for the green and digital transitions. Explore the pages below to find out about your country’s recovery and resilience plan and how it is being implemented. Country pagesThese pages contain all relevant country-specific information, including the recovery and resilience plans, the Commission’s assessment of the plans as well as information on payments requested by the Member States and funds paid out by the Commission.European Semester in your countryThis section brings together the country-specific documents related to the European Semester, notably (i) country reports, (ii) national programmes on reforms and fiscal adjustment, (iii) the assessment of these programmes, (iv) country-specific recommendations by the EU, and (v) draft budgetary plans. Map of projects supported by the Recovery and Resilience FacilityThis map provides examples of reforms and investments supported by the Recovery and Resilience Facility in the different EU Member States. It is not an exhaustive database of projects supported by the Facility and will be regularly updated as the implementation progresses. The funding amounts shown reflect the initial cost estimates included in the national recovery and resilience plans. Legend descriptionGreen transitionFocusing on green technologies and capacities - sustainable mobility, energy efficiency and renewables, climate change adaptation; circular economy; and biodiversity*.Policies for the next generationImproving access to and the quality of general, vocational, and higher education; focusing on digital education, early childhood education and care; supporting youth employment.Smart, sustainable, inclusive growthpromoting entrepreneurship, competitiveness, industrialisation; improving the business environment; fostering research, development and innovation, supporting small- and medium-sized businesses.Digital transformationPromoting the roll-out of very high-capacity networks, the digitalisation of public services, government processes, and businesses, in particular SMEs; developing basic and advanced digital skills; supporting digital-related R&D and the deployment of advanced technologies.Social and territorial cohesionImproving social and territorial infrastructure and services, including social protection and welfare systems, the inclusion of disadvantaged groups; supporting employment and skills development; creating high-quality, stable jobs.Health and economic, social and institutional resilienceImproving the resilience, accessibility and quality of health and long-term care, including measures to advance their digitalisation; increasing the effectiveness of public administration systems.* Green transition projects do not necessarily correspond to the projects included in the pool of NGEU Green Bond eligible expenditure. For more information on NGEU Green Bonds visit NGEU DashboardDisclaimerThe map exclusively serves information purposes and is not an exhaustive database of projects supported by the Recovery and Resilience Facility. It does not reflect the distribution of the projects funded by the Recovery and Resilience Facility across the European Union, nor across different geographical areas or sectors within EU Member States. The RRF funding amounts shown for measures are based on the initial cost estimates provided by the Member States included in the recovery and resilience plans and may as such differ from finalized Commission financial reports, which follow eventual project implementation.Furthermore, the projects showcased are without prejudice to any future assessment by the Commission in the context of verifying the satisfactory fulfilment of milestones and targets under Regulation (EU) 2021/241 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility. Other information Recovery and Resilience Task ForceIn August 2020, the European Commission established the Recovery and Resilience Task Force (RECOVER) within its Secretariat-General.Jointly with the Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, RECOVER is responsible for steering the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. RECOVER also coordinates the European Semester and reports to the Commission President.Informal expert group on the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience FacilityThis group of experts serves as an important forum for the Commission and national governments to exchange views on cross-cutting aspects that arise in the context of implementing the Recovery and Resilience Facility.The group consists of members of the national coordinating bodies for implementing the recovery and resilience plans and is jointly chaired by the RECOVER Taskforce within the European Commission’s Secretariat-General and the Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs. It meets periodically with experts from each EU country to exchange views on the implementation of their recovery and resilience plans.Furthermore, it facilitates and promotes the exchange of good practice on many aspects of RRF implementation. The Commission publishes all relevant documents, such as agendas, minutes, reports, opinions, recommendations and others, on a dedicated website.Inform EU network and communication requirements INFORM EU is an EU-wide network of communication officers responsible for communicating about EU and national investments under certain EU funds, including the Recovery and Resilience Facility. More information and contacts.Recipients of EU funding have a general obligation to acknowledge the origin of any EU funding they have received and ensure that this fact is prominently displayed. This applies also to the funding under the Recovery and Resilience Facility. More information and guidance for national authorities on the communication and visibility requirements under the Recovery and Resilience Facility and other EU funds can be found on the dedicated websFight against fraudFighting fraud is a priority for the European Commission. If you are aware of any fraudulent acts, please report them to the European Anti-Fraud Office.Protection of Personal DataThe European Commission is committed to protecting the personal data of data subjects submitted by Member States to the Commission under Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2021 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility. For more information click here
Data as of 8 October 2025The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is a temporary instrument that is the centrepiece of NextGenerationEU -the EU’s plan to emerge stronger and more resilient from the current crisis.Through the Facility, the Commission raises funds by borrowing on the capital markets (issuing bonds on behalf of the EU). These are then available to its Member States, to implement ambitious reforms and investments that:make their economies and societies more sustainable, resilient and prepared for the green and digital transitions, in line with the EU’s priorities;address the challenges identified in country-specific recommendations under the European Semester framework of economic and social policy coordination.
REPowerEUThe REPowerEU plan recognised that the Recovery and Resilience Facility can play an important role in achieving secure, affordable and clean energy. By providing additional EU funding, the Facility will help EU countries make the critical reforms and investment needed to rapidly end their dependence on Russian fossil fuels.
European SemesterStarting from its 2022 cycle, the European Semester process was adapted to take into account the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility and the implementation of the recovery and resilience plans.
Recovery and Resilience ScoreboardThe Scoreboard gives an overview of progress in implementing the Facility and the national recovery and resilience plans.
RRF eventsThis section provides information on the various events organised to discuss the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, including of the Recovery and Resilience Plans in the Member States. Visit the section to find out more about the RRF events.
Learn more about the impact of the RRFLearn about the impact the RRF is having on citizens and businesses across the EU. This section provides a collection of RRF related factsheets and insights for your information.
General publications12 February 2021Consolidated text of the Regulation establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility
General publications19 September 2023Reversal of Milestones and Targets under the Recovery and Resilience Facility
General publications3 March 2023Guidance on Recovery and Resilience Plans in the context of REPowerEU
General publications21 February 2023Commission methodology for the determination of payment suspension under the Recovery and Resilience Facility Regulation
General publications20 January 2021Guidance to Member States - Recovery and Resilience Plans - Part 1
General publications22 January 2021Guidance to Member States - Recovery and Resilience Plans - Part 2
General publications22 January 2021Annex to the Guidance to Member States on the Recovery and Resilience Plans: Tables for the template
General publications1 September 2023Overview of Member States’ loan requests received by the Commission by 31 August 2023
General publications22 June 2022Updated Member States’ grant allocation based on Eurostat outturn data for 2020 and 2021
General publications21 February 2023Communication Implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility
General publications6 May 2025Linking Money to Results: How the Recovery and Resilience Facility Supports Transformation in Member States
General publications18 October 2024Insights from the Recovery and Resilience Facility: The Business Perspective
General publications24 June 2024The Recovery and Resilience Facility: What’s in store for young people?
General publications21 February 2024Continuing to Deliver a Lasting Impact Across the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility - Mid-term Evaluation
General publications21 February 2024Recovery and Resilience Facility – How the RRF Supports Businesses
General publications19 September 2023Speeding up and Delivering Reforms and Investments - Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) – Annual Report 2023
General publications27 April 2023Information provided to the European Parliament or to the Council on the Recovery and Resilience Plans
General publications16 May 2023Council conclusions on the recovery plan and multiannual financial framework for 2021-2027
General publications3 March 2023Guidance on Recovery and Resilience Plans in the context of REPowerEU
General publications18 May 2022Commission Proposal for a Regulation on REPowerEU chapters in recovery and resilience plans
General publications24 April 2023Questions and Answers on REPowerEU and on the revision of national recovery plans
Country pagesThese pages contain all relevant country-specific information, including the recovery and resilience plans, the Commission’s assessment of the plans as well as information on payments requested by the Member States and funds paid out by the Commission.
European Semester in your countryThis section brings together the country-specific documents related to the European Semester, notably (i) country reports, (ii) national programmes on reforms and fiscal adjustment, (iii) the assessment of these programmes, (iv) country-specific recommendations by the EU, and (v) draft budgetary plans.
