Measures for flood and hydrogeological risk reduction (Mission 2 – Component 4 - Investment 2.1)The Italian territory is characterised by a significant degree of hydrogeological instability, which has been exacerbated by the effects of climate change. This risk has a detrimental impact not only in the quality of life but also in the economic activity of the areas most exposed to this risk.Italy’s Recovery and Resilience Plan provides this measure divided into two lines of action, with Protezione Civile and “Commissioner of Emergency for the reconstruction in the territories of Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, and Marche” affected by the May 2023 floods (Commissario per la ricostruzione nel territorio della regione Emilia Romagna, Toscana e Marche), as responsible Administration, respectively.Regarding the first line of action, a broad and comprehensive set of interventions shall be undertaken to restore damaged public structures and infrastructures (type E interventions) and reduce residual risk strictly connected to the event and aimed primarily at protecting public and private safety (type D interventions).The second line of action shall include interventions identified by the Commissioner of Emergency in particular the provinces of Ascoli Piceno, Bologna, Ferrara, Fermo, Firenze, Forli-Cesena, Modena, Pesaro-Urbino, Ravenna, Reggio-Emilia, Rimini.The interventions shall concern:• Interventions to restore waterways and increase protection against floods. The interventions shall include as far as possible nature-based solutions. The interventions should also promote, to the extent possible, the adoption of sustainable soil and land management practices for supporting long term-resilience of soils, for stopping soil degradation and for mitigating the impacts of climate change;• Rehabilitation interventions of the local and provincial road network. The interventions may include technical works to complementary infrastructures (including bridges) that have suffered damage and need to be repaired;• Interventions to restore public buildings, including public houses and health centres.The investment shall not foresee the installation or replacement of gas boilers, or the purchase of vehicles.The investment is financed by Italy’s Recovery and Resilience plan by EUR 1200.0 million ReferenceM2C4 in the IT Recovery and Resilience PlanProject locations Italy