On 13 September 2022 the European Parliament adopted a resolution on responsible private funding of litigation, which called the Commission to propose legislation that would regulate TPLF in the EU. The Commission in its response to the resolution committed to carry out a mapping study, that would take stock of the situation in the EU and feed into the assessment on the appropriate follow-up. This study maps legislation, practice and debate on TPLF in the Member States and four non-EU countries. 21 MARCH 2025Final Report EC Mapping TPLF in the EU